Celebrating IHS Pharmacy History
"The history of pharmacy in the Indian Health Service is still being written . . . The leaders and pharmacists now and in the future will add to the accomplishments." -- Allen J. Brands
1930-1961
Click the thumbnails for a larger image
- 1930
Edwin M. Holt is the first commissioned officer to be assigned to the Office of Indian Affairs, Department of Interior.
- 1953
Allen J. Brands becomes Chief, Pharmacy Branch of IHS.
- 1956
- First appointed Area Pharmacy Officers: Albert Ripley, Del Briggs, Thomas DiTomassio (thumbnail 1 above with Brands), Paul Honda, Reede Ames, and Peter Bogarosh.
- 1961
- Pharmacists at Shiprock, NM develop patient education leaflets. (thumbnail 2)
George R. Hall develops pictorial labels on prescription bottles. (thumbnail 3)
1962-1970
Click the thumbnails for a larger image
- 1962
- Albert Ripley, (not pictured) Crow Agency, first to use patient's permanent health record to fill prescriptions. (thumbnail 4)
Ronald Gilbert (thumbnail 5), Sacaton, AZ, begins what is now known as the "Brown Bag Program".
- 1966
- All new IHS facilities to include private consultation rooms in pharmacies. (thumbnail 6)
- 1968
- "Providing Drugs Without Prescriptions" by Thomas Talimini (thumbnail 7) at Red Lake, MN; later known as the "OTC Program" (with Brands).
First pharmacy residents (Bock, Larsen, Mock, and Erb) in Gallup, NM. (thumbnail 8)
- 1970
- Rick Herrier (thumbnail 9), David Apgar (thumbnail 10), and Richard Streit develop the first protocols for monitoring chronic medications.
1972-1973
Click the thumbnails for a larger image
- 1972
- PIMC begins Pharmacy Practitioner Training Program - IHS pharmacists learn physical assessment and disease management.
- 1972
- Pharmacists in Cass Lake, MN begins management of patients with chronic medical problems requiring long term drug treatment. (thumbnail 11)
- 1973
- Study by Raymond Smith (not pictured) showing pharmacists' management of chronic problems saving physicians time on routine patient care. (thumbnail 12)
- 1973
- $40,000 grant awarded to Jerry Short, PIMC, to develop pharmacists as primary care providers throughout IHS. (thumbnail 13)
1974-1990
Click the thumbnails for a larger image
- 1974
- Philip Anderson, Clinton, OK, switches clinical approach from drug-based protocols to disease-based protocols. (thumbnail 14)
- 1983
- IHS establishment of the IHS Clinical Pharmacy Training Program (CPTP) - training pharmacists to manage chronic diseases. (thumbnail15 )
- 1988
- IHS Standards of Practice were developed to guide pharmacy practice into the future. (thumbnail 16)
- 1990
- IHS develops Patient Consultation video and shares it with pharmacy schools, professional organizations, and industry nationwide. (thumbnail 17)
1995-1998
Click the thumbnails for a larger image
- 1995
- IHS Business Committee meetings to discuss reimbursement for services and contracts from Health Care Financing Administration (now CMS).
- 1996
- Michael Trujillo, director of IHS, signs special memorandum which codifies Clinical Pharmacy Specialists (CPS) as Primary Care Providers (PCPs) with prescriptive authority. (thumbnail 19)
- 1997
- National Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Credentialing Committee (NCPSCC) established by CPO Robert Pittman (thumbnail 20) following IHS Business Committee Meetings.
- 1998
- IHS and PHS leadership meet with CMS regarding IHS pharmacy practice and reimbursement potential.
First NCPS and NCPS-PP credentialed pharmacists. (thumbnail 22)
APhA Pinnacle Award for contributions to pharmacy profession. (thumbnail 23)
2001-2010
Click the thumbnails for a larger image
- 2001
- IHS receives Roche D.R.E.A.M. Award for NCPS Pharmacist Managed Traineeship for Anticoagulation Management. (thumbnail 24)
- 2007
- IHS receives ASHP Award of Excellence for implementation of pharmacist-managed CHF Clinic. (thumbnail 25)
- 2008
- IHS completes 10 years of credentialing through NCPS. Over 200 pharmacists credentialed (104 currently active) across 40 states and 8 diseases states. (thumbnail 26)
NCPS expands to BOP.
- 2010
- IHS Pharmacy History Event: “Past and Present Pharmacy Leaders Panel” discuss 50 years of pharmacy in the IHS. (thumbnail 28)
The Past
Click the thumbnails for a larger image
"The IHS Pharmacy Practice model offers a unique sociological perspective of pharmacy practice and historical research allows for contrasts to be made regarding the evolution of the pharmacy practice and the future direction of the profession as a whole." -- Richard Craig Fisher
The Present
Click the thumbnails for a larger image
