Maternal Substance Use Disorders

Maternal Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a significant public health concern that can impact a child's growth and development. Substance use during pregnancy—particularly with substances such as heroin, methadone, cocaine, and alcohol—can increase the risk of health complications, including low birth weight, early delivery, and developmental challenges. Research has shown that early identification, access to traditionally responsive treatment, and supportive services can greatly improve outcomes for both mothers and their babies. Promoting maternal wellness and recovery is key to fostering healthier families, reducing the risk of child welfare involvement, and supporting long-term, positive outcomes for children.

For more information on the effects of substances on pregnancy, see the IHS Maternal and Child Health site's Alcohol and Substance Use During Pregnancy page. For information on FASD, visit the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder page.